information medium

There are mainly nine categories of learning motivation for Vietnamese students which is not professional in chinese: Instrumental motivation, Integrative motivation, Learning situation motivation, Social responsibility motivation, Information medium motivation, Language activity motivation, Interest motivation, Passive motivation, and Abroad motivation.

越南非汉语专业大学生的汉语学习动机主要分为九类：工具型动机、融合型动机、学习情景动机、社会责任动机、信息媒介动机、语言效价动机、兴趣动机、被动型动机和出国动机。

In mass consumption society, the reader faces the reading medium, has changed from former traditional reading which is broad and open style writing medium to a seal picture information medium which constitutes by "the generalized literature text".

在消费社会，读者面对的阅读媒介，从以往传统阅读中广阔且开放式的文字媒介，变成了由广义文学文本构成的一个封闭的图像化信息媒介。